![]() Biofilms buildup internal mechanical stress as single cells grow within the elastic matrix. Here, we show that biofilms of the pathogens Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can induce large deformations of soft synthetic hydrogels. Specifically, how biofilms form on soft, tissue-like materials remains unknown. However, the contributions of mechanics, while being central to the process of biofilm formation, have been overlooked as a factor influencing host physiology. A common assumption is that biofilms exclusively interact with their hosts biochemically. During chronic infections and in microbiota, bacteria predominantly colonize their hosts as multicellular structures called biofilms.
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